The Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Schum. & Thonn.) Muell. Arg Inhibits the Development of Dyslipidaemia and Hyperglycaemia in Dexamethasone-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Poor lipid and glucose regulation increases the risk for the development of major cardiovascular diseases and other organ damage. The study evaluated the serum glucose and lipid lowering effects of the 70% (v/v) ethanolic leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (ALC) using the dexamethasone-induced diabetic rat model. Thirty six female Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200g; n=6) were rendered hyperglycaemic with dexamethasone (10 mg/kg, sc) once daily for 8 days except the normal control. Each group received either normal saline 0.5 ml/rat, ALC (250 mg/kg, p.o. or 500 mg/kg, p.o.), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, p.o.) or atorvastatin (5mg/kg, p.o.) as treatment once daily for 8 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBS) readings were recorded at baseline, day 4, 6 and 9. Blood was collected for the estimation of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) on day 9. The diabetic control group had significantly raised FBS levels (8.20 ± 1.04 mmol/l; ***p<0.001). Glibenclamide (5.20 ± 0.29; ***p<0.001) and the extracts [(ALC 250 mg/kg, p.o.; (5.35 ± 0.95 mmol/l); *p<0.05); ALC 500 mg/kg, p.o.; (5.98 ± 1.12 mmol/l); *p<0.05)] prevented an increase in FBS level. The herbal extracts also reduced the level of serum lipids of rats treated. The 70% (v/v) ethanolic leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia has some potential for use in lipid and glucose control.

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activity of ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effect of ethanol extract ofMelastoma malabathricum (M. malabathricum) Linn. leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg i.p). the ethanol extracts of M. malabathricum at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg of body weight were administrated at a single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 d. The effect of ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf extract on blood glucose, plasma insulin, creatinine, glycosylated haemoglobin, urea serum lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and phospholipid, serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase] were measured in the diabetic rats.Results:In the acute toxicity study, ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf was non-toxic at 2 000 mg/kg in rats. The increased body weight, decreased blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and other biochemical parameters level were observed in diabetic rats treated with both doses of ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf administration, altered lipid profiles were reversed to near normal than diabetic control rats.Conclusions:Ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf possesses significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activity in diabetic rats.

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activity of ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effect of ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum (M. malabathricum) Linn. leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diabetes was induced in albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg i.p). the ethanol extracts of M. malabathricum at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg of body weight were administrated at a single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 d. The effect of ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf extract on blood glucose, plasma insulin, creatinine, glycosylated haemoglobin, urea serum lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and phospholipid, serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase] were measured in the diabetic rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the acute toxicity study, ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf was non-toxic at 2 000 mg/kg in rats. The increased body weight, decreased blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and other biochemical parameters level were observed in diabetic rats treated with both doses of ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf administration, altered lipid profiles were reversed to near normal than diabetic control rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf possesses significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activity in diabetic rats.</p>

Long Term Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Hyperlipidaemic and Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Carica papaya Leaves in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats.

Aim: To evaluate the long term (24 weeks) anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidaemic and antiatherogenic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Carica papaya in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Study Design: The effect of daily oral administration of C. papaya aqueous leaf extract in streptozotocin diabetic rats was monitored for 24 weeks by assessing fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profile. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory and Central Research Laboratory, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. March to October, 2009. Methodology: 24 rats in three groups, normal control (group 1), diabetic control (group 2) and C. papaya treated diabetic rats, TDR (group 3) were used for this study. Body weight, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, total triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDLcholestrol, as well as atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CRI), were assessed periodically in the serum for 24 weeks. Results: Treatment of STZ diabetic rats with C. papaya leaf extract produced significant (P<.05) reductions in FBS from week 2 of treatment. Normoglycaemia was attained in week 8 and sustained till week 24. Significant (P<.05) reductions in serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were also observed for most of the points monitored while HDL-cholesterol was significantly (P<.05) increased. The high AI and CRI caused by STZ diabetes was significantly (P<.05) reduced in the C. papaya treated diabetic rats. Conclusion: The findings from this study substantiate the long term potential and traditional usage of C. papaya for antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effects.

Effects of Emblica Officinalis (AMLA) on Serum Lipids and Atherogenesis in Albino Rats Fed with High Fat Diet.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Emblica officinalis (Amla) extract on serum lipids and atherogenesis, in albino rats fed with high fat diet. Materials and Methods: Healthy albino rats of Wistar strain (150-200 gm each) were randomized into five groups of six animals each- Group A (received normal diet), Group B (received normal diet + Emblica officinalis extract 1 gm/kg BW) Group C (received high fat diet consisting of vanaspati ghee and coconut oil at a ratio of 3:2, at a dose of 10 ml/kg/day), Group D (received high fat diet + Emblica officinalis extract 1 gm/kg BW) and Group E (received high fat diet + simvastatin 1.8 mg/ kg BW). Treatment period was 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks, lipid profile was evaluated by estimating total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum LDL, serum HDL and atherogenic index. Results: Ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis showed significant antihyperlipidaemic activity (P< 0.01) with significant improvement in atherogenic index (p<0.01). Conclusion: Present study suggests that Emblica officinalis extract at a dose of 1 gm/kg BW exerts antihyperlipidaemic effect comparable to that of simvastatin. It also possesses hypolipidaemic activity.

Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidaemic effect of Polygala rosmarinifolia Wright & Arn on alloxan induced diabetic rats.

The ethanol extract of Polygala rosmarinifolia whole plant (Family: Polygalaceae) was investigated for its antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidaemic effect in Wistar Albino rats. Diabetes was induced in Albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg, i.p). The ethanol extracts of Polygala rosmarinifolia at a dose of 100 and 200mg/kg of body weight were administered at single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 days. The effect of ethanol extract of Polygala rosmarinifolia whole plant extract on blood glucose, serum insulin, urea, creatinine, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein – cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein–cholester (VLDL-C), high density lipoprotein – cholesterol (HDL-C) and phospholipid (PL)] serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes [serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (SGOT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], were measured in the diabetic rats. The ethanol extract of Polygala rosmarinifolia whole plant elicited significant reductions of blood glucose (P<0.05), lipid parameters except HDL-C, serum enzymes and significantly increased HDL-C. The extracts also caused significant increase in serum insulin (P<0.05) in the diabetic rats. From the above results, it is concluded that ethanol extract of Polygala rosmarinifolia possesses significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Anti-diabetic activity of an hexane extract of Prosthechea michuacana in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats / Actividad antidiabética de un extracto de hexane de Prosthechea michuacana en ratas diabéticas inducidas por estreptozotocina

In this study we investigated the antihyperglycaemic, antihyperlipidaemic and antiglycation effects of some extracts of Prosthechea michuacana bulbs in normoglycemic and diabetic rats induced by streptozocin (STZ). Hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of P. michuacana were screened for hypoglycemic activity, and biochemical parameters as serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, liver glycogen, skeletal muscle glycogen levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity in diabetic rats. Additionally we determined Glucose 6 Phosphatase and glucokinase activities in liver, inhibition of insulin and protein glycation. Glucose levels in blood plasma were determined by using GOD-POD method. Administration of chloroform and methanol extracts showed no effect on STZ induced diabetic rats (SD). On the other hand, treatment with hexane extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, resulted in a reversal of diabetes and its complications. Both doses significantly brought down blood glucose concentration (35.75 and 47.78 percent in diabetic rats, 50.64 and 57.10 percent in nondiabetic rats), increased glycogenesis and decreased glyconeogenesis bringing the glucose metabolism toward normalcy. These doses also reversed the hyperlipidemia by reducing cholesterol (41.56 percent, 46.08 percent) and triglycerides (37.5 percent, 46.27 percent) and improved hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. Its effect was compared with that of glibenclamide and tolbutamide, as reference antidiabetic drugs. The hexane extract decreased the hyperinsulinemia by 24 percent in SD and showed a significant change on AGEs formation in vitro with IC50 values of 48.3 ug/ml comparable to inhibitory effect of aminoguanidine with IC50 values of 27.2 ug/ml. It reduced HbA1C levels by 6.4 percent in chronic STZ-diabetic rats. It is concluded that hexane extract of Prosthechea michuacana bulbs possesses anti-hyperglycemic and antihyperlipemic...

En este estudio se determinaron los efectos antidiabéticos, antihiperlipidemico y glicación (AGEs) de algunos extractos de Prosthechea michuacana (PM) en ratas normoglucémicas y con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina (STZ). Se probó el efecto de los extractos de hexano, cloroformo, metanol de PM sobre la actividad hipoglucemiante, la carga de glucosa, los parámetros bioquímicos tales como triglicéridos, niveles de colesterol total, peroxidación lipídica, glucógeno del hígado, los niveles de glucógeno muscular, niveles de superoxide dismutase, catalasa, glutation reductasa and glutation peroxidasa en ratas normales y diabéticas. También se determinó la glucosa 6 Phosphatasa y las actividades de GK en el hígado, la inhibición de la insulina y la glicosilación de las proteínas. Los niveles de glucosa sanguínea se determinaron por el método de GOD-POD. La administración de los extractos de cloroformo y metanol no presentaron ningún efecto sobre la SD, en cambio el tratamiento con el extracto de hexano (PM) a dosis de 200 y 400 mg/kg, inhibió la diabetes y sus complicaciones. Ambas dosis redujeron significativamente los niveles de glucosa sanguínea (35.75 y 47.78 por ciento en las ratas diabéticas, 50.64 y 57.10 por ciento en las ratas diabéticas), el aumento de la glucogénesis y la disminución de la gluconeogénesis conduce el metabolismo de la glucosa hacia la normalidad. Estas dosis disminuyeron la hiperlipidemia reduciendo el colesterol (41.56 por ciento, 46.08 por ciento) y los triglicéridos (37.5 por ciento, 46.27 por ciento) así como también mejoran las actividades antioxidantes de las enzimas hepáticas. Su efecto se comparó con la glibenclamida y tolbutamida, fármacos usados como antidiabeticos. El extracto de hexano disminuyo la hiperinsulinemia en un 24 por ciento en SD. PM mostró un cambio significativo in vitro sobre la formación de los AGEs con valores de IC50 de 48.3 mg/ml comparable al efecto inhibidor de la aminoguanidina con valores de IC50 de...